1793 - Chinese reject open trade with Great Britain
1798 - Napoleon invades Egypt
1853 - Admiral Perry arrives in Japan
1868 - Meiji restoration in Japan
1894/95 - Sino-Japanese War
1899-1901 - Boxer Rebellion in China
1910 - Japan Annexes Korea
1911 - Chinese Revolution (end of Qing dynasty)
1798 - Napoleon invades Egypt
1853 - Admiral Perry arrives in Japan
1868 - Meiji restoration in Japan
1894/95 - Sino-Japanese War
1899-1901 - Boxer Rebellion in China
1910 - Japan Annexes Korea
1911 - Chinese Revolution (end of Qing dynasty)
- Taiping Rebellion - The rebellion began under the leadership of Hong Xiuquan, massive rebellion or civil war in China that lasted from 1814 to 1864, which was fought between the established Manchu-led Qing
- Tanzimat - a series of reforms in the Ottoman Empire that brought the culture, education, religion and society more in line with Europe and the United States and western ways.
- Meiji Restoration - a chain of events that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji.
- Opium Wars - wars between China and Britain resulting from the Chinese refusal to allow the importation of opium from India. China ceded Hong Kong after the British victory in 1842. The British and French victory in the second war established free trade in Chinese ports and the legalization of the opium trade
- Young Turks - a member of a revolutionary party in the Ottoman Empire who carried out the revolution of 1908 and deposed the sultan Abdul Hamid II.
- Russo-Japanese War - A war fought in 1904–1905 between Russia and Japan over rival territorial claims. In winning the war, Japan emerged as a world power.
- Treaty of Nanjing - Treaty of Nanjing was the result of China's humiliating defeat at the hands of the British in the Opium War. Britain took the island of Hong Kong, a very important trading port.
- Matthew Perry - United States admiral who led a naval expedition to Japan and signed a treaty in 1854 opening up trade relations between United States and Japan.
- Spheres of Influence - A country or area in which another country has power to affect developments although it has no formal authority.(Soft power)
- Tokugawa Dynasty - the last feudal Japanese military government which existed between 1603 and 1867. The heads of government were the shoguns, and each was a member of the Tokugawa clan.
- Boxer Rebellion - Chinese secret organization called the Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists led an uprising in northern China against the spread of Western and Japanese influence there.
- Nationalism in the Balkans (Serbian Rebellion, Greek Independence) - the desire for the various ethnic groups living on the Balkan Peninsula to have countries of their own, a spirit that led directly to World War I. This region, south of the Danube, Sava and Kupa Rivers, is a hodgepodge of over a dozen ethnic groups, many of whom have clashed throughout history
I. Reversal of Fortune: China’s Century of Crisis
A. The Crisis Within
1. Dramatic population growth and pressures on the land
2. Central state bureaucracy fails to grow and weakens
3. Taiping Rebellion (1850–1864)
4. Conservative reaction
B. Western Pressures
1. Commissioner Lin Zexu and Western narco-trafficking
2. First Opium War and Treaty of Nanking (1842)
3. Second Opium War and further humiliations
4. “Informal empire” status for the Middle Kingdom
C. The Failure of Conservative Modernization
1. Self-strengthening
2. Landowners fear modernity
3. Industry in the hands of Europeans
4. Boxer Rebellion (1898–1901)
5. Popular nationalist organizations
6. Hundred Days of Reform, 1898
7. Imperial collapse, 1911
II. The Ottoman Empire and the West in the Nineteenth Century
A. “The Sick Man of Europe”
1. “The Strong Sword of Islam” in 1750
2. Loss of land to Russia, France, Britain, and Austria
3. Unable to defend Muslims elsewhere
4. Changing global economic order
B. Reform and its Opponents
1. Reaction to Western military advisors
2. Tanzimat era
3. Young Ottomans: Islamic modernism
4. Young Turks, 1908: Secular modernism
C. Outcomes: Comparing China and the Ottoman Empire
1. “Semi-colonies” in the European “informal empire”
2. Defensive modernization but no industrial take-off
3. Growth of nationalism
4. Revolutionary chaos in China, but stability in Turkey
5. State rejections of tradition but popular survival
III. The Japanese Difference: The Rise of a New East Asian Power
A. The Tokugawa Background
1. Shogun, daimyo, samurai, and emperor
2. 250 years of peace
3. Urban, commercial, and literate
4. Samurai status versus merchant wealth
5. Increasing social instability
B. American Intrusion and Meiji Restoration
1. Limited contact with West since early seventeenth century
2. Commodore Perry, 1853
3. Meiji Restoration, 1868
C. Modernization Japanese Style
1. Defensive but revolutionary reforms
2. Systematic dismantling of the old social order
3. Fukuzawa Yukichi
4. Selective borrowing and mixing from the West
5. New possibilities for women
6. State-guided industrialization and zaibatsu
7. Difficult lives for peasants and workers
D. Japan and the World
1. Anglo-Japanese Treaty, 1902
2. War with China (1894–1895) and Russia (1904–1905)
3. Empire building in Taiwan, Korea, and Manchuria
4. Admiration from the colonial world
IV. Reflections: Success and Failure in History
A. Should historians evaluate events as successful or a failure?
B. Criteria?
C. Success for whom?
D. Assessing wisdom in history
A. The Crisis Within
1. Dramatic population growth and pressures on the land
2. Central state bureaucracy fails to grow and weakens
3. Taiping Rebellion (1850–1864)
4. Conservative reaction
B. Western Pressures
1. Commissioner Lin Zexu and Western narco-trafficking
2. First Opium War and Treaty of Nanking (1842)
3. Second Opium War and further humiliations
4. “Informal empire” status for the Middle Kingdom
C. The Failure of Conservative Modernization
1. Self-strengthening
2. Landowners fear modernity
3. Industry in the hands of Europeans
4. Boxer Rebellion (1898–1901)
5. Popular nationalist organizations
6. Hundred Days of Reform, 1898
7. Imperial collapse, 1911
II. The Ottoman Empire and the West in the Nineteenth Century
A. “The Sick Man of Europe”
1. “The Strong Sword of Islam” in 1750
2. Loss of land to Russia, France, Britain, and Austria
3. Unable to defend Muslims elsewhere
4. Changing global economic order
B. Reform and its Opponents
1. Reaction to Western military advisors
2. Tanzimat era
3. Young Ottomans: Islamic modernism
4. Young Turks, 1908: Secular modernism
C. Outcomes: Comparing China and the Ottoman Empire
1. “Semi-colonies” in the European “informal empire”
2. Defensive modernization but no industrial take-off
3. Growth of nationalism
4. Revolutionary chaos in China, but stability in Turkey
5. State rejections of tradition but popular survival
III. The Japanese Difference: The Rise of a New East Asian Power
A. The Tokugawa Background
1. Shogun, daimyo, samurai, and emperor
2. 250 years of peace
3. Urban, commercial, and literate
4. Samurai status versus merchant wealth
5. Increasing social instability
B. American Intrusion and Meiji Restoration
1. Limited contact with West since early seventeenth century
2. Commodore Perry, 1853
3. Meiji Restoration, 1868
C. Modernization Japanese Style
1. Defensive but revolutionary reforms
2. Systematic dismantling of the old social order
3. Fukuzawa Yukichi
4. Selective borrowing and mixing from the West
5. New possibilities for women
6. State-guided industrialization and zaibatsu
7. Difficult lives for peasants and workers
D. Japan and the World
1. Anglo-Japanese Treaty, 1902
2. War with China (1894–1895) and Russia (1904–1905)
3. Empire building in Taiwan, Korea, and Manchuria
4. Admiration from the colonial world
IV. Reflections: Success and Failure in History
A. Should historians evaluate events as successful or a failure?
B. Criteria?
C. Success for whom?
D. Assessing wisdom in history