1750s - Beginnings of British takeover in India
1788 - Initial British settlement in Australia
1798 - Napoleon’s invasion of Egypt
1830 - French invasion of Algeria
1840s - Beginning of major British settlement in New Zealand
1857 - 1858 - Indian Mutiny and rebellion
1858 -1893 - French conquest of Indochina
1869 - Opening of Suez Canal
1875 - 1914 - Scramble for africa
1898 - U.S. acquires philippines and annexes Hawaii | Boer war in South Africa
1901 - 1910 - Completion of Dutch conquest of Indonesia
1904 - 1905 - Maji Maji rebellion in East Africa
1910 - Japan annexes Korea
1920s -1947 - Gandhi’s leadership of Indian National Congress
1788 - Initial British settlement in Australia
1798 - Napoleon’s invasion of Egypt
1830 - French invasion of Algeria
1840s - Beginning of major British settlement in New Zealand
1857 - 1858 - Indian Mutiny and rebellion
1858 -1893 - French conquest of Indochina
1869 - Opening of Suez Canal
1875 - 1914 - Scramble for africa
1898 - U.S. acquires philippines and annexes Hawaii | Boer war in South Africa
1901 - 1910 - Completion of Dutch conquest of Indonesia
1904 - 1905 - Maji Maji rebellion in East Africa
1910 - Japan annexes Korea
1920s -1947 - Gandhi’s leadership of Indian National Congress
- European racism (in context of Social Darwinism) - Europeans increasingly became preoccupied, even obsessed, with ‘race’. Europeans becoming racist because of the way the way humans evolved.
- The Scramble for Africa - the invasion, occupation, colonization and annexation of African territory by European powers during the period of New Imperialism, between 1881 and 1914. It is also called the Partition of Africa and the Conquest of Africa.
- Indian Rebellion - a revolt of the sepoy troops in British India (1857–59), resulting in the transfer of the administration of India from the East India Company to the crown.
- Boer War - a war in which Great Britain fought against the Transvaal and Orange Free State
- Congo Free State - The Congo Free State was a large area in Central Africa that was privately controlled by Leopold II of Belgium.
- King Leopold II - The second King of the Belgians, chiefly remembered for the founding and exploitation of the Congo Free State as a private venture.
- Cultivation system - The Cultivation System , or less accurately the Culture System, was a Dutch government policy in the mid-19th century for its Dutch East Indies colony. It was also an economic policy.
- Western-educated elite - the main beneficiaries in asian and african land colonized by western power language
- cash-crop agriculture - Agricultural production, often on a large scale, of crops for sale in the market, rather than for consumption by the farmers themselves
- Africanization of Christianity - process that occurred in non-Muslim Africa, where millions who were converted to Christian sought to maintain older traditions alongside new christian ideas.
- Swami Vivekananda - leading religious figure of nineteenth century india. advocate of a revived hinduism and its mission to reach out to spiritually improvised west
- Race vs. Tribe - Race is an ethnicity while a tribe is a social division in a traditional society consisting of families or communities linked by social, economic, religious, or blood ties, with a common culture and dialect, typically having a recognized leader.
- Edward Blyden - A men who furthered the rights of africans all throughout the world.
I. Industry and Empire
A. Colonies as suppliers of raw materials and food
B. Colonies as markets
C. Colonies as investments
D. Nationalism and imperial expansion
E. The tools of empire
F. Technological superiority as racial superiority
G. Social Darwinism
II. A Second Wave of European Conquests
A. New European players in Asia and Africa
B. European military superiority
C. Slow imperial creep in India and Indonesia
D. The Scramble for Africa and rapid expansion elsewhere
E. Settler colonialism and mass death in the Pacific
F. American and Russian expansion
G. Japanese colonization in Taiwan and Korea
H. Defiant Ethiopia and diplomatic Siam
III. Under European Rule
A. Cooperation and Rebellion
1. Soldiers, administrators, and local rulers
2. A small Western-educated elite
3. Indian Rebellion, 1857–1858
B. Colonial Empires with a Difference
1. Racial boundaries
2. Settler colonialism in South Africa
3. Impacts on daily life
4. “Traditional India” and “tribal Africa”
5. Gendering the empires
6. Political contradictions and hypocrisies
IV. Ways of Working: Comparing Colonial Economies
A. Economies of Coercion: Forced Labor and the Power of the State
1. Unpaid required labor on public works
2. King Leopold II’s Congo Free State
3. Cultivation system in the Dutch East Indies
4. Resistance to cotton cultivation in East Africa
B. Economies of Cash-Crop Agriculture: The Pull of the Market
1. Encouragement of existing cash cropping
2. Rice in the Irrawaddy and Mekong deltas
3. Cacao in the Gold Coast
C. Economies of Wage Labor: Migration for Work
1. Internal migrations to plantations, mines, and cities
2. International migrations of Indians, Chinese, Japanese, and others
3. “Native” labor in settler colonies
D. Women and the Colonial Economy: Examples from Africa
1. Men grew cash crops while women grew food
2. Labor migrations separated husbands and wives
3. Women became heads of households
E. Assessing Colonial Development
1. Jump-start or exploitation?
2. Global integration
3. Some elements of modernization
4. No colonial breakthrough to modern industrial economy
V. Believing and Belonging: Identity and Cultural Change in the Colonial Era
A. Education
1. The door to opportunities
2. Adopting European culture
3. Modernity?
4. Colonial glass ceiling
B. Religion
1. Christian missionaries in Africa and the Pacific
2. Religious conflicts over gender and sexuality
3. Colonial definition of Hinduism
4. Colonial identification with Islam
C. “Race” and “Tribe”
1. Rise of an African identity
2. Pan-Africanism
3. Colonial creation of “tribes”
VI. Reflections: Who Makes History?
A. Colonizers’ efforts to shape the colony
B. Colonized people’s agency
C. “History from below”
A. Colonies as suppliers of raw materials and food
B. Colonies as markets
C. Colonies as investments
D. Nationalism and imperial expansion
E. The tools of empire
F. Technological superiority as racial superiority
G. Social Darwinism
II. A Second Wave of European Conquests
A. New European players in Asia and Africa
B. European military superiority
C. Slow imperial creep in India and Indonesia
D. The Scramble for Africa and rapid expansion elsewhere
E. Settler colonialism and mass death in the Pacific
F. American and Russian expansion
G. Japanese colonization in Taiwan and Korea
H. Defiant Ethiopia and diplomatic Siam
III. Under European Rule
A. Cooperation and Rebellion
1. Soldiers, administrators, and local rulers
2. A small Western-educated elite
3. Indian Rebellion, 1857–1858
B. Colonial Empires with a Difference
1. Racial boundaries
2. Settler colonialism in South Africa
3. Impacts on daily life
4. “Traditional India” and “tribal Africa”
5. Gendering the empires
6. Political contradictions and hypocrisies
IV. Ways of Working: Comparing Colonial Economies
A. Economies of Coercion: Forced Labor and the Power of the State
1. Unpaid required labor on public works
2. King Leopold II’s Congo Free State
3. Cultivation system in the Dutch East Indies
4. Resistance to cotton cultivation in East Africa
B. Economies of Cash-Crop Agriculture: The Pull of the Market
1. Encouragement of existing cash cropping
2. Rice in the Irrawaddy and Mekong deltas
3. Cacao in the Gold Coast
C. Economies of Wage Labor: Migration for Work
1. Internal migrations to plantations, mines, and cities
2. International migrations of Indians, Chinese, Japanese, and others
3. “Native” labor in settler colonies
D. Women and the Colonial Economy: Examples from Africa
1. Men grew cash crops while women grew food
2. Labor migrations separated husbands and wives
3. Women became heads of households
E. Assessing Colonial Development
1. Jump-start or exploitation?
2. Global integration
3. Some elements of modernization
4. No colonial breakthrough to modern industrial economy
V. Believing and Belonging: Identity and Cultural Change in the Colonial Era
A. Education
1. The door to opportunities
2. Adopting European culture
3. Modernity?
4. Colonial glass ceiling
B. Religion
1. Christian missionaries in Africa and the Pacific
2. Religious conflicts over gender and sexuality
3. Colonial definition of Hinduism
4. Colonial identification with Islam
C. “Race” and “Tribe”
1. Rise of an African identity
2. Pan-Africanism
3. Colonial creation of “tribes”
VI. Reflections: Who Makes History?
A. Colonizers’ efforts to shape the colony
B. Colonized people’s agency
C. “History from below”