Timur - Central Asian Turkic warrior, who tried to restore Mongol rule. Was violent towards Persia, Russia and India. This was the last great succeed of nomads from central Asia.
Timbuktu
Inca Empire – Larger than Aztec; used land and culture from earlier Andean civilization; bureaucratic empire.
Safand Empire – Turkic leadership; emerged from Sufi religious order; goal was to forcibly impose a Shia version of Islam as the official religion of the State.
Mughal Empire – Governed non-muslim population; interaction between Islam and Hindu Civilizations; created by Islamized Turkic group.
Zheng He – He was Muslim Captain of Chinese Fleet, who wanted to establish Chinese control and power over foreign trade in the region.
Malacca –
Ottoman Empire – Created by Turkic warrior group who emigrated from Anatolia. It lasted from the 14th to early 20th century. Ottoman sultans claimed legacy of Abbasid Empire.
Aztec Empire – Loosely structured and unstable State; many rebellions from subjects; Was always on the edge of catastrophe; Had no main administrative system. (De-Centralized Government)
Timbuktu
Inca Empire – Larger than Aztec; used land and culture from earlier Andean civilization; bureaucratic empire.
Safand Empire – Turkic leadership; emerged from Sufi religious order; goal was to forcibly impose a Shia version of Islam as the official religion of the State.
Mughal Empire – Governed non-muslim population; interaction between Islam and Hindu Civilizations; created by Islamized Turkic group.
Zheng He – He was Muslim Captain of Chinese Fleet, who wanted to establish Chinese control and power over foreign trade in the region.
Malacca –
Ottoman Empire – Created by Turkic warrior group who emigrated from Anatolia. It lasted from the 14th to early 20th century. Ottoman sultans claimed legacy of Abbasid Empire.
Aztec Empire – Loosely structured and unstable State; many rebellions from subjects; Was always on the edge of catastrophe; Had no main administrative system. (De-Centralized Government)
I. The Shapes of Human Communities
A. Paleolithic Persistence: Australia and North America
1. Gatherers and hunters have a history, too
2. Manipulation of the environment and trade
3. “Complex” or “affluent” gatherers and hunters
B. Agricultural Village Societies: The Igbo and the Iroquois
1. Egalitarian kinship societies without state systems
2. “The Igbo have no king” but they did trade
3. Great Law of Peace of the Five Nations
C. Pastoral Peoples: Central Asia and West Africa
1. Timur/Tamerlame (d. 1405)
2. Samarkand
3. Fulbe
II. Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: Comparing China and Europe
A. Ming Dynasty China
1. Emperor Yongle (r. 1402–1422)
2. Confucianism and anti-Mongol policies
3. Economic boom
4. Zheng He’s voyages (1405–1433)
B. European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal
1. Smaller states in constant conflict
2. Renaissance humanism
C. European Comparisons: Maritime Voyaging
1. Portugal takes the lead after 1415
2. Smaller ships and fleets than the Chinese
3. Motives, goals, and support
III. Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The Islamic World
A. In the Islamic Heartland: The Ottoman and Safavid Empires
1. Ottoman size, strength, and longevity
2. 1453: Turkish threat to Europe
3. Shia Safavids versus Sunni Ottomans
B. On the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal Empires
1. Islam and the trans-Sahara trade
2. Political unity and religious diversity in India
3. Muslim merchants and Sufi mystics in Southeast Asia
4. Malacca
IV. Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The Americas
A. The Aztec Empire
1. Mexica
2. Tenochtitlán
3. Conquest state and market centers
4. Tlacaelel (1398–1480) and ideology of human sacrifice
B. The Inca Empire
1. 2,500 miles and 10,000,000 subjects
2. State bureaucracy, resettlement, and Quechua
3. Mita
4. Gender parallelism but not gender equality
V. Webs of Connection
A. Empires
B. Religion
C. Long-established and long-distance trade
D. Increase in maritime trade
VI. A Preview of Coming Attractions: Looking Ahead to the Modern Era, 1500–2012
A. Extensive trade but not yet truly global
B. Coming linkage of Afro-Eurasia, the Americas, and Oceania
C. Radical change with industrialization
D. Demographic explosion
E. Urbanized, commercialized, and literate
F. Revolution of modernity
G. Rise of Europe and resistance to Europe
VII. Reflections: What If? Chance and Contingency in World History
A. Coincidence, chance, and individual decisions
B. Death of Great Khan Ogodei, 1241?
C. Scuttling the Ming fleet, 1433?
D. Siege of Vienna, 1529?
E. Insightful alternatives
A. Paleolithic Persistence: Australia and North America
1. Gatherers and hunters have a history, too
2. Manipulation of the environment and trade
3. “Complex” or “affluent” gatherers and hunters
B. Agricultural Village Societies: The Igbo and the Iroquois
1. Egalitarian kinship societies without state systems
2. “The Igbo have no king” but they did trade
3. Great Law of Peace of the Five Nations
C. Pastoral Peoples: Central Asia and West Africa
1. Timur/Tamerlame (d. 1405)
2. Samarkand
3. Fulbe
II. Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: Comparing China and Europe
A. Ming Dynasty China
1. Emperor Yongle (r. 1402–1422)
2. Confucianism and anti-Mongol policies
3. Economic boom
4. Zheng He’s voyages (1405–1433)
B. European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal
1. Smaller states in constant conflict
2. Renaissance humanism
C. European Comparisons: Maritime Voyaging
1. Portugal takes the lead after 1415
2. Smaller ships and fleets than the Chinese
3. Motives, goals, and support
III. Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The Islamic World
A. In the Islamic Heartland: The Ottoman and Safavid Empires
1. Ottoman size, strength, and longevity
2. 1453: Turkish threat to Europe
3. Shia Safavids versus Sunni Ottomans
B. On the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal Empires
1. Islam and the trans-Sahara trade
2. Political unity and religious diversity in India
3. Muslim merchants and Sufi mystics in Southeast Asia
4. Malacca
IV. Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The Americas
A. The Aztec Empire
1. Mexica
2. Tenochtitlán
3. Conquest state and market centers
4. Tlacaelel (1398–1480) and ideology of human sacrifice
B. The Inca Empire
1. 2,500 miles and 10,000,000 subjects
2. State bureaucracy, resettlement, and Quechua
3. Mita
4. Gender parallelism but not gender equality
V. Webs of Connection
A. Empires
B. Religion
C. Long-established and long-distance trade
D. Increase in maritime trade
VI. A Preview of Coming Attractions: Looking Ahead to the Modern Era, 1500–2012
A. Extensive trade but not yet truly global
B. Coming linkage of Afro-Eurasia, the Americas, and Oceania
C. Radical change with industrialization
D. Demographic explosion
E. Urbanized, commercialized, and literate
F. Revolution of modernity
G. Rise of Europe and resistance to Europe
VII. Reflections: What If? Chance and Contingency in World History
A. Coincidence, chance, and individual decisions
B. Death of Great Khan Ogodei, 1241?
C. Scuttling the Ming fleet, 1433?
D. Siege of Vienna, 1529?
E. Insightful alternatives