Chapter 13
So fall of the empires?
Europe empires in the americas
After Columbus...
*Insert columbus joke*
Europeans, Europeans…
Is there anything you don’t mess up?
Oh wait
Spanish=Caribbean
The Portuguese=Brazil
British,French,Dutch=Eastern North America
See Map 13.1(620)
So why did Europe have such a high advantage?
BC THEY WERE CLOSER
Sure Asia is technically closer,(Russia to Alaska), but from a cultural perspective (and think about it logically, Alaska is freezing) Europe is closer, on account of ease of access. It was also easier for Europe to access a bigger portion of the New World. Europeans also had a much bigger incentive than the Muslims, Chinese or Indians, in that they had a much smaller position in the Eurasian Commerce. Remember the Three G’s? GOD GLORY GOLD
Yeah you’ll be seeing a lot of that. They borrowed a lot of technology from the Muslim and the Chinese, which allowed them to quickly and easily cross the Atlantic ocean.
Now we get to the sad parts…
So European diseases and eventually diseases from Africans killed about 90 percent of the Native population. Of course since this is Strayer we’re talking about, he labels it “The Great Dying” Great thinking Strayer… Great!
Now diseases is one of the parts of the columbian exchange. The sucky part. But there were other stuff like the exchange of crops and stuff, and also a very important factor.. animals.. A really important animal? The Horse. The horse came from the Old World to the New World.
Comparing Colonial societies in the Americas
So we’re really going to compare the colonies in North America and South America.
All the european “rulers” viewed the colonies in the view of mercantilism, but the ways in which they acted upon that was very different.
The biggest differences was between CATHOLIC Spain and PROTESTANT England.
The economy also differed based on the natural resources present in the land.
Let’s start off with South America
So Spain conquered the Aztecs and the Inca at the 16th century:
The economic foundation was laid in gold and silver mining…. Mostly silver.
Most of the work, was forced. In addition the spanish crown supplied a legal system known as encomienda, which gave settlers the right to force people to do work, in exchange for instruction Christian Faith. Exploitation of religion at it’s finest.
At this point you should prbly watch this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjhIzemLdos
If you’re too lazy basically, They extorted a lot of silver, and they made a split between their own people and they killed a lot of people.
Mestizos learn it..( A mix of Spanish and Natives)
Spanish men, indigenous women.
I’m about to list facts about colonies that you should know, and might be on the test.. soo..
Brazil/Portugal/Caribbeans Mostly done by slaves of the atlantic slave trade - Sugar
Colonies in North america were more used for Settling, and slavery was just a bonus (That sounded better in my mind)
Now to russia
<putin.gif>
So while western europe was making colonies in america, The Russian empire began to form.
After 2 centuries of mongol rule, a small russian state kickstarted the expansion of the Russians.
Eventually after conquering, nomadic people, (frequent resistance) they demanded tribute.
China was/is also working on an empire (Qing)
Hindus and Muslims clashed in the Mughal Empire
Akbar brought them together
A-watchamacallit-other guy brought them apart
Oh… Aurangzeg
In the ottoman empire There were muslim and christians… There were more muslims.. (SRY I'm tired and I still don’t know why I manage this website.)
Just know that christians welcomed Ottoman rule, bc less taxes
Chapter 14
Hey guys muslim dude here, it’s been a while but the Chapter Study Guides are back! I’ve finally stopped being lazy and I’ve started being… not lazy?
Anyways, since my grades are pretty much going down the drain, I have nothing left to do with life besides write Study Guides for whap.tk and play Fallout 4…
JK. But I’m still going to write this Guide and y’all will still pass the next quiz with a 100, k?
Introduction
So, when we all think of economic systems in the Americas, most of us think of slavery quite obviously. However, as Chapters 12 and 13 taught us, there was A LOT going on in the world around that time, not just the Americas. And in all of those places, there was a heck of alot of stuff besides slavery.
We’re seeing Europeans entering the Indian Ocean Trade Network, which leads to lots of connections with Asian Empires. Also, we’re seeing silver from the Americas making their way into China and other Asiatic Empires. Furs from America and Siberia are being sold in Europe and China. While you’d think that Europeans are dominating the world stage right now, that’s not true, since the other major empires of the world are also getting a lot done.
European and Asian Commerce
So how exactly did the Europeans come across other Asiatic Empires? Well, this guy called Vasco de Gama, a Portuguese mariner, slowly made his way across the western coast of Africa, and sailed straight into Calicut India in 1498.
Why were the Europeans so interested in this trade route? Well, the
Nice job muslim dude, you finished chapter 14 -_- - Christian Dude
Goddang it
UGH
I JUST FINISHED CHAPTER 13 for Jesus’s sake
…
I really hate muslim dude… Maybe we really should elect Donald Trump- Christian Dude
Anyways, why were the Europeans so interested in the trade route? Well, one thing and one thing only.
SPICES, SPICES, SPICES. (They really love our curries- Christian Dude)
One source even declares that “Pepper is black and has a good smack…”
(Smack that- Christian Dude)
Besides this huge interest in spices and other luxury Asian products, there’s also the slow recovery of Europe from the Black Death. Remember, these guys just all died in droves, but now they’re getting back up again and they want to be on top. So now Europe just hops into Indian Ocean Trade and is really taking advantage of it and creating enormous empires and all.
Except for one SMALL problem. Technically two for most of them. First and foremost, who again controls the Red Sea and the Bab-El Mandeb Strait? Probably the Arabs, right? And who again are Arabs? The sworn enemies of the Catholics, the Muslims. So now the full control of every product that goes in and out is under Muslim rule. The second problem that a lot of places hated, AND KEEP BOTH OF THESE IN MIND- THEY’LL BE VERY IMPORTANT ON THE TEST MOST LIKELY- is that the city of Venice is the main place where these products all landed. The Venetians are getting rich off of the whole trade monopoly they have set up, and they’re enjoying life, while the rest of Europe hates the Muslims and the Venetians now. Portugal is really getting motivated to find a new way to India now. Also, there’s this weird mysterious guy known as Prester John, who was said to have ruled in Africa or Asia. They want to join up with him and restart the Crusades. No offense to the Catholics but y’all really have something out for us Muslims.
And there’s one last small problem that was also pretty major and was a pretty decent and smart reason to go around the world pretty much. Asian countries have all kinds of cool stuff to trade, and so does Africa. (Like come on, they traded a freaking giraffe at one point, that’s epic.-Christian Dude) But what about Europe? They can sell corpses from the Black Death, but the Asian Empires aren’t amazingly fond of that kind of stuff. In the end, the Europeans end up paying for everything with nothing to sell themselves. So what they do? Something genuinely smart. They start sailing around Africa and Asia to find resources to sell and stuff. For example, there are gold fields in Western Africa that they could really use. We’re about to get into silver in a few passages, and if there’s one element you should know by the time the test rolls around, it’s silver.
A Portuguese Empire of Commerce
So this whole Indian Ocean Trade thing is actually really diverse and great. Literally everyone but the Europeans (and Mongols and Russians, but you get the idea) is participating in it. The Portuguese hop in here, go “Holy Cinnamon” and undertake an enterprise to control the entire spice trade going into Europe. They fail, but we’ll get into that slowly.
What exactly happens when the Ports (Hehe, get it, Ports? I’ll show myself out) enter this vast domain? Well, since they’re not stupid, they figure out pretty quickly that European goods are useless and even they wouldn’t buy them (Plague-ridden corpses never sell well). However, they also figure out that most of the trading ships aren’t really equipped very well, and ever since China just calls quit on being a dominant empire of the world, there’s no one empire to take control of all trade. If there’s one thing the Europeans are good at, it’s war (Ok, that may have been mildly racist) and they soon by force set up a bunch of forts across the trade route. A few were acquired by bribing and all, but the vast majority were generally the Portuguese rolling up to the block and shooting up a hot-dog stand with a tank equipped with RPGs instead of your normal tank projectiles. It wasn’t very pretty, but they did end up establishing dominance over the trade route.
Now, the Portuguese couldn’t become a trading country, so instead they become a “Trading post Empire”, which is where they tax all trade instead. Even though they used a variety of methods to control all the spice trade, they never really ended up controlling more than half of the spice trade overall. Just goes to show that even a RPG Tank can’t get the job done always. (Now what about a tank that fires thermo-nukes?-Christian Dude)
About this time, as it turns out, Portugal is useful for more than just taxing trade. They end up carrying items from one empire to the other, and they slowly blend into the whole trade route. Soon enough, the Portuguese in those areas fully assimilate and become just another ethnic group in the area.
Around the 1600s, a lot of rising Asian states start challenging Portuguese authority, and now the Portuguese empire starts losing its power in the area. An even bigger problem is the other European countries taking larger parts in this trade route.
Spain and the Philippines
So now we get to Spain, which is the first country to actually challenge Portugal’s position in the Indian Ocean. They do this by conquering the Philippines. Now, unlike Portugal, Spain just full out conquers the place. The Philippines were a pretty diverse area with no real government before, and like I said, REALLY diverse. China and Japan didn’t really care about it, so Spain just took its opportunity and grabbed the place. They managed to do it really peacefully also, by slowly taking over the place. The islands remained a Spanish territory until the Americans got it in 1898, but that’s so far away we won’t even bother to discuss it.
Alongside the Spainiards grabbing the Philippines was a missionary effort, and we see the Philippines become the largest outpost of Christianity in Asia. One small problem- the southern half is heavily Muslim, so we see some more issues as the Muslim natives start to clash with Catholic Spanish authority.
Besides
The East India Companies
But now we go to India, which was ‘Colonized’ by the Dutch and the English. Together, they both easily took over the Portuguese. At the same time they were both competing with each other. The dutch had become highly skilled in maritime operations, and that gave them a huge advantage over all the specific people that they wanted to conquer. The dutch focused their operations on the philippines, while the English focused themselves on to India. Nowadays we see the Dutch as the awkward friendly people, that have a weird accent.
Nah.
With much bloodshed, the dutch gained controlled of a few specific Islands, that made a lot of spices (nutmeg, mace, and cloves)
The British acted, a little different, than the British, mostly because, they were less financed.
They first worked on India, conquering more and more.
Eventually controlling the Arabian sea, thus replacing the Portuguese, and eventually controlling trade.
The Dutch and England largely monopolized the Trade industry in eastern Asia.
Asians and Asian Commerce
Just know that Asians were pretty dominant against Europeans, and they didn’t really get colonized.
Silver and Global Commerce
I would probably refer to your Silver maps and all.
But basically, Europe and asia, took silver from the Americas, and Spread it all over.
Refer to this again: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjhIzemLdos
The”World Hunt”: Fur in Global Commerce
Fur also joined spice and all in the as the major items for global commerce. These furs were mostly brought in from North America and were distributed all throughout Eurasia.
Atlantic Slave Trade: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnV_MTFEGIY
Anyways, since my grades are pretty much going down the drain, I have nothing left to do with life besides write Study Guides for whap.tk and play Fallout 4…
JK. But I’m still going to write this Guide and y’all will still pass the next quiz with a 100, k?
Introduction
So, when we all think of economic systems in the Americas, most of us think of slavery quite obviously. However, as Chapters 12 and 13 taught us, there was A LOT going on in the world around that time, not just the Americas. And in all of those places, there was a heck of alot of stuff besides slavery.
We’re seeing Europeans entering the Indian Ocean Trade Network, which leads to lots of connections with Asian Empires. Also, we’re seeing silver from the Americas making their way into China and other Asiatic Empires. Furs from America and Siberia are being sold in Europe and China. While you’d think that Europeans are dominating the world stage right now, that’s not true, since the other major empires of the world are also getting a lot done.
European and Asian Commerce
So how exactly did the Europeans come across other Asiatic Empires? Well, this guy called Vasco de Gama, a Portuguese mariner, slowly made his way across the western coast of Africa, and sailed straight into Calicut India in 1498.
Why were the Europeans so interested in this trade route? Well, the
Nice job muslim dude, you finished chapter 14 -_- - Christian Dude
Goddang it
UGH
I JUST FINISHED CHAPTER 13 for Jesus’s sake
…
I really hate muslim dude… Maybe we really should elect Donald Trump- Christian Dude
Anyways, why were the Europeans so interested in the trade route? Well, one thing and one thing only.
SPICES, SPICES, SPICES. (They really love our curries- Christian Dude)
One source even declares that “Pepper is black and has a good smack…”
(Smack that- Christian Dude)
Besides this huge interest in spices and other luxury Asian products, there’s also the slow recovery of Europe from the Black Death. Remember, these guys just all died in droves, but now they’re getting back up again and they want to be on top. So now Europe just hops into Indian Ocean Trade and is really taking advantage of it and creating enormous empires and all.
Except for one SMALL problem. Technically two for most of them. First and foremost, who again controls the Red Sea and the Bab-El Mandeb Strait? Probably the Arabs, right? And who again are Arabs? The sworn enemies of the Catholics, the Muslims. So now the full control of every product that goes in and out is under Muslim rule. The second problem that a lot of places hated, AND KEEP BOTH OF THESE IN MIND- THEY’LL BE VERY IMPORTANT ON THE TEST MOST LIKELY- is that the city of Venice is the main place where these products all landed. The Venetians are getting rich off of the whole trade monopoly they have set up, and they’re enjoying life, while the rest of Europe hates the Muslims and the Venetians now. Portugal is really getting motivated to find a new way to India now. Also, there’s this weird mysterious guy known as Prester John, who was said to have ruled in Africa or Asia. They want to join up with him and restart the Crusades. No offense to the Catholics but y’all really have something out for us Muslims.
And there’s one last small problem that was also pretty major and was a pretty decent and smart reason to go around the world pretty much. Asian countries have all kinds of cool stuff to trade, and so does Africa. (Like come on, they traded a freaking giraffe at one point, that’s epic.-Christian Dude) But what about Europe? They can sell corpses from the Black Death, but the Asian Empires aren’t amazingly fond of that kind of stuff. In the end, the Europeans end up paying for everything with nothing to sell themselves. So what they do? Something genuinely smart. They start sailing around Africa and Asia to find resources to sell and stuff. For example, there are gold fields in Western Africa that they could really use. We’re about to get into silver in a few passages, and if there’s one element you should know by the time the test rolls around, it’s silver.
A Portuguese Empire of Commerce
So this whole Indian Ocean Trade thing is actually really diverse and great. Literally everyone but the Europeans (and Mongols and Russians, but you get the idea) is participating in it. The Portuguese hop in here, go “Holy Cinnamon” and undertake an enterprise to control the entire spice trade going into Europe. They fail, but we’ll get into that slowly.
What exactly happens when the Ports (Hehe, get it, Ports? I’ll show myself out) enter this vast domain? Well, since they’re not stupid, they figure out pretty quickly that European goods are useless and even they wouldn’t buy them (Plague-ridden corpses never sell well). However, they also figure out that most of the trading ships aren’t really equipped very well, and ever since China just calls quit on being a dominant empire of the world, there’s no one empire to take control of all trade. If there’s one thing the Europeans are good at, it’s war (Ok, that may have been mildly racist) and they soon by force set up a bunch of forts across the trade route. A few were acquired by bribing and all, but the vast majority were generally the Portuguese rolling up to the block and shooting up a hot-dog stand with a tank equipped with RPGs instead of your normal tank projectiles. It wasn’t very pretty, but they did end up establishing dominance over the trade route.
Now, the Portuguese couldn’t become a trading country, so instead they become a “Trading post Empire”, which is where they tax all trade instead. Even though they used a variety of methods to control all the spice trade, they never really ended up controlling more than half of the spice trade overall. Just goes to show that even a RPG Tank can’t get the job done always. (Now what about a tank that fires thermo-nukes?-Christian Dude)
About this time, as it turns out, Portugal is useful for more than just taxing trade. They end up carrying items from one empire to the other, and they slowly blend into the whole trade route. Soon enough, the Portuguese in those areas fully assimilate and become just another ethnic group in the area.
Around the 1600s, a lot of rising Asian states start challenging Portuguese authority, and now the Portuguese empire starts losing its power in the area. An even bigger problem is the other European countries taking larger parts in this trade route.
Spain and the Philippines
So now we get to Spain, which is the first country to actually challenge Portugal’s position in the Indian Ocean. They do this by conquering the Philippines. Now, unlike Portugal, Spain just full out conquers the place. The Philippines were a pretty diverse area with no real government before, and like I said, REALLY diverse. China and Japan didn’t really care about it, so Spain just took its opportunity and grabbed the place. They managed to do it really peacefully also, by slowly taking over the place. The islands remained a Spanish territory until the Americans got it in 1898, but that’s so far away we won’t even bother to discuss it.
Alongside the Spainiards grabbing the Philippines was a missionary effort, and we see the Philippines become the largest outpost of Christianity in Asia. One small problem- the southern half is heavily Muslim, so we see some more issues as the Muslim natives start to clash with Catholic Spanish authority.
Besides
The East India Companies
But now we go to India, which was ‘Colonized’ by the Dutch and the English. Together, they both easily took over the Portuguese. At the same time they were both competing with each other. The dutch had become highly skilled in maritime operations, and that gave them a huge advantage over all the specific people that they wanted to conquer. The dutch focused their operations on the philippines, while the English focused themselves on to India. Nowadays we see the Dutch as the awkward friendly people, that have a weird accent.
Nah.
With much bloodshed, the dutch gained controlled of a few specific Islands, that made a lot of spices (nutmeg, mace, and cloves)
The British acted, a little different, than the British, mostly because, they were less financed.
They first worked on India, conquering more and more.
Eventually controlling the Arabian sea, thus replacing the Portuguese, and eventually controlling trade.
The Dutch and England largely monopolized the Trade industry in eastern Asia.
Asians and Asian Commerce
Just know that Asians were pretty dominant against Europeans, and they didn’t really get colonized.
Silver and Global Commerce
I would probably refer to your Silver maps and all.
But basically, Europe and asia, took silver from the Americas, and Spread it all over.
Refer to this again: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjhIzemLdos
The”World Hunt”: Fur in Global Commerce
Fur also joined spice and all in the as the major items for global commerce. These furs were mostly brought in from North America and were distributed all throughout Eurasia.
Atlantic Slave Trade: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnV_MTFEGIY
Chapter 15
This is my life right now…
(PSH you didn’t even do ch 14
And my dad is a registered republican voter….. - Christian dude)
Anyways, assuming that this Study Guide is even finished and published, you’re probably getting here after reading Chapters 13 and 14! Which were about… *reads for 30 sec*
Right… politics and money. And we know the third important thing when it comes to the 1500’s is…. RELIGION.
(YAAYYY- Christian Dude)
Everyone’s favorite topic! And this time is even better, because not only do we get to talk about Christian divisions and the rise of Islamic reforms, we also get the rise of atheism!
what was the link to this? erm I’m not sure
So yes, this topic is a combination of everything ever controversial when it comes to religion.
(Nothing bad ever happened with controversial issues of religion - Christian dude)
Now of course, you probably already recognize a lot of these topics since they’re popular today! Hence the fact that they started out in the Early Modern Period. Technically, one of these events ushered in the Modern Period.
So what we see here is the start of two separate trends, which both oppose each other quite often, but now at least we’re starting to settle. The first is where everyone is trying to get religious again, and the second is the one where everyone is trying to become secular again. No matter which side you pick, we don’t judge, unless you picked the second trend.
(Godless heathens- Christian Dude.)
We’re seeing Christianity undergo a lot of interesting side effects of globalization, while Islam continues doing completely unexpected things which somehow work great for the world. While the world’s two largest traditions undergo many changes, the other two, Buddhism and Hinduism stay relatively stable. Judaism obviously is going downhill, and the world’s sixth major religion, Sikhism, is about to pop up out of nowhere, and probably has no major effect on the world, but they’re still kinda important we guess.
Now of course it’s time for me to hop out and let Christian Dude take over.
(Because Muslim dude is cooler- Christian Dude)
^That was written by Muslim dude^ - Christian dude
The Globalization of Christianity
So this is largely where we see the gigantic boom of the Christian Faith. The world of Christendom, had spread from Spain and England, to Russia.. There were also small populations of Christianity in Egypt, Ethiopia, southern India, and central Asia. (Not to mention a lot of the americas)
But Christianity was severely divided in between The Roman Catholics and The Orthodox. But together they were very defensive against an expansive Islam. Muslims have kicked out the Christian Crusaders by 1300, and with the fall of Constantinople, in… You guessed it, 1453 a lot of eastern orthodoxy suffered, and christianity took a beating.
Western Christendom Fragmented: The Protestant Reformation
So the creation of the Protestant Reformation, really divided the Catholic Church.
(Y’all know what happened with Martin Luther)
Know that Women were attracted to protestantism because it offered them a greater role on the churches.
Protestantism also offered women education and literacy, due to bible teachings.
This is known as reformation: Reformation caused thinking and change all over europe, especially with the invention of the printing press. A bigger split occurred with all these numerous inventions
Christianity Outward Bound
Cool, so christianity was a good “excuse” to expand European land. First the crusades, but secondly, they used it to spread the gospel(Missionaries), while gaining more land.
Conversion and Adaptation in Spanish America
Spaniards came in… They destroyed the local gods, they move on. End of story.
An Asian Comparison: China and the Jesuits
So basically the way the converted some of the population of china (including some scholars) was with the use of Jesuits(Spanish missionaries, that learned chinese and used many techniques to convert the masses)
Persistence and Change in Afro-Asian Cultural Traditions